Nutrition during traumatic brain injury recovery
After a traumatic brain injury, nutrition is one part of a broader care plan. Ask the rehabilitation team or a registered dietitian about calorie, fluid and texture needs, especially if swallowing, medications or another condition affect what the person can safely eat. The National Intrepid Center of Excellence describes individualized nutrition support for recovery.
Water and hydration
Water helps the body digest food and regulate temperature. Ask your healthcare team how much fluid is appropriate for you and whether any restrictions or special swallowing instructions apply.
Pack in the Protein
Protein helps maintain muscle. Common sources include meat, fish, eggs, beans, nuts and seeds. Choose foods and textures that fit your care plan.
- Chicken
- Fish
- Lean beef
- Turkey
- Other beneficial proteins include:
- Almonds
- Chickpeas
- Cottage cheese
- Eggs
- Greek yogurt
- Lentils
- Oats
Beans and lentils can provide protein for people who avoid meat. Your dietitian can suggest alternatives if a food is difficult to chew or swallow.
Lipids Are Essential
Olive oil, avocado, nuts and certain fish can supply unsaturated fats. Here are examples of foods that contain fat.
- Avocado
- Cheese
- Chia seeds
- Coconuts (and coconut oil)
- Dark chocolate
- Extra virgin olive oil
- Fatty fish (like salmon or mackerel)
- Greek yogurt
- Nuts (like almonds, walnuts, and macadamia)
- Whole eggs
Eat Your Vegetables
Vegetables are a great source of vitamins, fiber, and potassium. They are naturally low in calories, fat, and cholesterol. Their natural fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol and promotes better, regular bowel function. Here is a list of recommended vegetables:
- Artichoke
- Arugula
- Asparagus
- Beets
- Broccoli
- Brussel sprouts
- Cabbage
- Carrots
- Cauliflower
- Celery
- Collards
- Eggplant
- Lettuce (such as romaine and iceberg)
- Onions
- Peas
- Spinach
- Sweet Potatoes
- Turnips
Here’s an example meal: You could put together a salad with a mix of romaine lettuce, iceberg lettuce, and arugula. Cut up some avocado, add some chopped almonds or walnuts and some dried cranberries, and drizzle with olive oil. You can add protein to the salad like grilled chicken, steak, or fish.
Fruits Are Your Friends
Whole fruits provide fiber as well as vitamins. If they fit your care plan and recommended texture, examples include:
- Banana
- Berries
- Grapefruit
- Grapes
- Melons (like cantaloupe, honeydew, or watermelon)
- Oranges
- Pears
- Pineapple
- Tomato
Dairy and alternatives
Dairy products and appropriate fortified alternatives can provide calcium. Ask the dietitian about alternatives if dairy is unsuitable for you.
Whole Grains vs. Refined Grains
Whole grains should be chosen over refined grains. Whole grains are high in fiber and help promote cardiovascular health. Refined grains are milled, a process that removes part of the grain. Also removed in the process are some of the fiber, iron, and vitamins. Here is a list of whole grains:
- Barley
- Buckwheat
- Corn
- Oats
- Quinoa
- Rice (including wild rice)
- Sorghum
- Wheat
Supplements and changes to your diet
Discuss vitamins, supplements, alcohol and caffeine with your healthcare team. Swallowing difficulties or medication interactions may require an individualized plan.
